UPSC National Defence Academy (NDA)

01. Constitution of India

• Developments Before Independence
• Formation of Indian Constitution
• Constitutional Values and Political System
• The Constitution of India
• Fundamental Rights
• Directive Principles of State Policy
• Constitutional Bodies
• Amendments

02. Indian Legislature

• Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
• Legislative Procedures
• Functions of Parliament
• State Legislature

03. Indian Executive

• Indian Executive
• President of India
• Powers of the President

04. Indian Judiciary

• Independent Judiciary
• Structure of Judiciary
• Judges
• High Court
• Supreme Court of India
• PIL and Judicial Review

05. Local Government

• Local Governments
• Panchayati Raj System
• Urban Local Government

06. People's Participation

• People's Participation in Democracy
• Elections
• Political Parties
• Pressure Groups and Interest Groups
• Indian Polity After Independence

01. The Earth

• Solar System
• Movements of the Earth
• Climate
• Spherical Coordinates of Earth
• Standard Time
• Internal Structure
• Outer Surface
• Continents of the World
• Oceans
• Movement of Sea Water
• Atmosphere

02. Physical Setting of India

• Location and Size of India
• Physical Features of India
• Northern Mountains
• Northern Plains
• Indian Plateau
• Coastal Plains
• Indian Islands
• River Systems in India

03. India and Climate

• Climate of India
• Climatic Seasons in India
• Mechanism of Monsoon

04. Natural Resources

• Natural Vegetation in India
• Wildlife in India
• Soils in India
• Agriculture in India
• Major Crops in India

05. Economy and Infrastructure

• Mineral Resources
• Energy Resources
• Industries in India
• Transport in India

05. World Geography

• Interior of the Earth
• Landforms on Earth's Surface
• Hydrosphere: Water on the Earth
• Atmosphere
• Pressure and Winds
• Weather and Climate

06. Human Resources

• Population as a Resource

01. Economic Concepts

• What is Economics
• Human Wants
• Goods and Services
• Basic Economic Activities
• Types of Economies
• Economic Growth and Development
• Central Problems of Economy

02. Money and Banking

• Barter System and Money
• Functions of Money
• Monetary Policy
• Banking System
• Saving
• Insurance

03. Government Budget and National Income

• Government Budget
• Budget Deficit and Fiscal Policy
• Concept of Income
• National Income

04. Indian Economy

• Features of Indian Economy
• Sectoral Aspects of Indian Economy
• Indian Economy after Independence
• Economic Liberalisation of 1991
• Challenges of Indian Economy

01. Units and Measurement

• Units and Dimensions
• S.I. Units
• Dimensions
• Important Dimensional Formulae

02. Motion

• Motion
• Distance and Displacement
• Uniform and Non-Uniform Motion
• Speed and Velocity
• Graphical Representation
• Acceleration
• Three Equations of Motion
• Uniform Circular Motion

03. Force

• Force
• Newton's First Law of Motion
• Momentum
• Newton's Second Law of Motion
• Newton's Third Law of Motion
• Conservation of Momentum
• Friction

04. Work, Energy and Power

• Work
• Energy
• Thrust and Pressure
• Law of Conservation of Energy
• Power

05. Gravitation

• Gravitation
• Newton's Law of Gravitation
• Acceleration due to Gravity
• Mass and Weight

06. Solids and Fluids

• Properties of Solids and Fluids
• Elasticity
• Surface Tension
• Flow of Liquids and Viscosity

07. Electricity

• Electricity
• Ohm's Law
• Resistance of Wire
• Combination of Resistors
• Heating Effect of Electric Current
• Electric Power
• Electric Charges
• Electrostatic Force
• Electrostatic Potential
• Potential Difference
• Electric Current
• Electric Cell
• Conductors and Insulators
• Resistors

08. Magnetism

• Magnetism
• Safety Devices
• Magnet
• Magnetic Field
• Electromagnet
• Force by Magnetic Field
• Electromagnetic Induction
• Electric Generator
• Distribution of Electrical Energy
• Accidents Caused by Electricity

09. Heat

• Heat
• Temperature
• Effects of Heat
• Thermal Expansion
• Thermal Expansion Applications
• Specific Thermal Capacity
• Transfer of Heat
• Conductors and Insulators

10. Light: Reflection and Refraction

• Reflection of Light
• Mirror Formula
• Magnification in Spherical Mirrors
• Refraction of Light
• Refraction through Spherical Surface
• Image Formation in Lens
• Lens Formula
• Magnification
• Dispersion of Light through Prism
• Eye and its Defects
• Formation of Images
• Reflection at Spherical Mirrors
• Relation Between f and R
• Rules for Image Formation
• Images by Concave Mirror
• Images by Convex Mirror
• Uses of Mirrors
• Sign Convention

11. Sound and Waves

• Sound and Waves
• Representative of Wave
• Movement of Sound in Air
• Different Types of Waves
• Nature, Measure & Quality of Sound

01. Matter

• States of Matter
• Solids
• Liquids
• Gases
• Effect of Temperature and Pressure
• Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
• Homogeneous Mixture
• Heterogeneous Mixture
• Separation of Mixtures

02. Atoms and Molecules

• Atoms and Molecules
• Law of Chemical Combinations
• Dalton's Atomic Theory
• Atomic Mass and Isotopes
• Molecule
• Mole Concept
• Molar Mass

03. Atomic Structure

• Structure of Atom
• Discovery of Electron
• Discovery of Proton
• Thomson Model
• Rutherford’s Model
• Bohr's Model of Atom
• Discovery of Neutron
• Electronic Configuration
• Valency

04. Chemical Bonding

• Chemical Bonding
• Ionic Bonding
• Properties of Ionic Compounds
• Covalent Bonding
• Properties of Covalent Compouns

05. Acids, Bases and Salts

• Acids and Bases
• pH
• Neutral, Acidic and Basic Solutions
• Importance of pH
• Formation of Salts
• Baking Soda
• Washing Soda
• Plaster of Paris
• Bleaching Powder
• Indicators
• Dissociation of Acids
• Strong and Weak acids
• Reactions of Acids
• Dissociation of Bases
• Strong and Weak Bases
• Reaction of Bases
• Self Dissociation of Water

06. Periodic Classification

• Periodic Classification of Elements
• Types of Elements
• Atomic Size
• Metallic and Non-metallic Character
• Development of Classification
• Dobereiner’s Triads
• Newlands’ Law of Octaves
• Mendeleev's Periodic Law and Periodic Table
• Modern Periodic Law
• Modern Periodic Table
• Merits of the Modern Periodic Table
• Periodic Trends in Properties

07. Metals and Non-metals

• Metals and Nonmetals
• Uses of Non-Metals
• Physical Properties
• Chemical Properties
• Chemical Properties of Metals
• Corrosion
• Activity Series of Metals
• Source of Metals
• Chemical Reactions of Non-Metals
• Uses of Metals

08. Carbon and Compounds

• Carbon and Compounds
• Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
• Functional Derivatives of Hydrocarbons
• Alcohols
• Properties of Carbon
• Allotropes of Carbon
• Compounds of Carbon
• Oxides of Carbon
• Hydrocarbons
• Saturated Hydrocarbons: Alkanes
• Isomerism in Alkanes
• IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes

01. Living Organisms

• Biodiversity, Biosphere and Ecosystem
• Neo-Darwinism
• Human Evolution
• Levels of Biodiversity
• Classification of Organisms
• Five Kingdoms of Life
• Classification of Plants
• Classification of Animalia
• History of Life
• Diversification of Life
• Darwin's Theory of Evolution

02. Cells and Tissues

• Cells and Tissues
• Animal Tissues
• Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
• Structure of Eukaryotic Cell
• Difference Between Plant and Animal Cell
• Cell Division
• Mitosis
• Meiosis
• Tissues
• Plant Tissues

03. Life Processes 1: Nutrition

• Life Processes
• Digestion
• Nutrition Process

04. Life Processes 2: Transportation

• Transportation
• Transport of Materials in Plants
• Transportation in Human Beings
• Disorders due to Circulatory System

05. Life Processes 3: Respiration

• Respiration
• Breathing and Respiration in Humans
• Mechanism of Breathing or Ventilation of Lungs

06. Life Processes 4: Excretion

• Excretion
• Mechanism of Excretion
• Kidney Failure, Dialysis and Kidney Transplant

07. Life Processes 5: Control and Coordination

• Nervous System
• Neuron (Nerve Cell)
• Nerves
• Central Nervous System
• Peripheral Nervous System
• Endocrine System

08. Life Processes 6: Reproduction

• Reproduction
• Asexual Reproduction
• Sexual Reproduction in Plants
• Sexual Reproduction in Animals
• Reproduction in Humans
• Reproductive Organs in Humans
• RTI and STD

09. Heredity

• Heredity
• Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
• Chromosomes
• Genes
• DNA Molecule
• Blood Group Inheritance
• Sex Determination in Humans
• Hereditary Disorders

01. Natural Environment

• Natural Environment
• Adaptations in Organisms
• Population Interaction
• Population Growth
• Growth Curves
• Ecosystem
• Biotic Community
• Food Chain and Food Web
• Energy Flow in Ecosystem
• Biogeochemical or Nutrient Cycles
• Carbon Cycle
• Nitrogen Cycle
• Water Cycle

02. Environmental Problems

• Environmental Problems
• Acid Rain
• Natural Disasters
• Impact of Human Population
• Deforestation
• Pollution
• Waste and its Management
• Depletion of Ozone Layer
• Global Warming
• Photochemical Smog

03. Food, Nutrition and Health

• Food and Nutrition
• Diagnostic Techniques
• Nutrition in Plants - Photosynthesis
• Nutrition in Animals
• Nutrition in Humans
• Components of Food
• Disease
• Communicable Diseases
• Deficiency Diseases
• Immunization

01. Grammar and Usage

• English Grammar
• Eight Parts of Speech
• Nouns
• Pronouns
• Verbs
• Adjectives
• Adverbs
• Preposition
• Conjunctions
• Interjections

02. Verbs and Usage

• Verbs
• Intransitive Verb Patterns
• Transitive Verb Patterns
• Regular & Irregular Verbs
• Types of Verbs
• Verb Tenses
• Present Tense
• Past Tense
• Future Tense
• Participle
• Infinitives
• Gerunds
• Auxiliaries & Modal Verbs
• Voice

03. Sentence Structures

• Sentences
• Parts of a Sentence or Speech
• Types of Sentences
• Simple Sentence
• Compound Sentences
• Complex Sentences
• Conditional Sentences

04. Word Usage and Vocabulary

05. Rhetorical Skills

• Reading Skills
• Tips for Reading Comprehension
• Writing Styles
• Tone of Writing
• Logical Mapping of Passage

06. Writing Skills

• Para Jumbles
• Linking the Sentences
• Acronym Approach
• Noun Pronoun Relationship
• Time Sequence Approach
• Structure Approach
• Examples: Para Jumbles

01. Sets, Relations and Functions

• Introduction To Sets
• Type of Sets
• Operations on Sets
• Relation
• Types of Relation
• Functions

02. Quadratic Equations

• Quadratic Formula
• Discriminant and Nature of Roots
• Sum and Product of Roots
• Maximum or Minimum Value

03. Vectors

• Introduction to Vectors
• Position Vector
• Direction Cosines
• Direction Ratios
• Type of Vectors
• Addition of Vectors
• Multiplication of Vector by Scalar
• Product of Two Vectors

04. Complex Numbers

• Introduction to Complex Numbers
• Roots of Complex Number
• Algebraic Operations
• Conjugate
• Modulus (Absolute Value)
• Geometrical Representation
• Polar Form
• Exponential Form
• Cube Roots of Unity
• De Moivre's Theorem

05. Matrices and Determinants

• Matrix
• Test of Consistency
• Types of Matrices
• Operation on Matrices
• Matrix Multiplication
• Transpose of a Matrix
• Adjoint of Matrix
• Inverse Matrix
• Determinant
• Area of a Triangle

06. Permutation and Combination

• Fundamental Principle of Counting
• Factorial
• Permutations (Arrangements)
• Circular Permutations
• Combination (Selection)
• Properties of Combinations

07. Binomial Theorem

• Introduction to Binomial Theorem
• Middle Terms
• Pascal's Triangle

08. Sequences and Series

• Progressions
• Arithmetic Progression
• Geometric Progression
• Means of Progressions

09. Functions, Limits and Continuity

• Calculus
• Limits
• Algebra of Limits
• Standard Limits
• Formula for Limits
• Continuous Functions

10. Differentiation

• Differentiability
• Standard Derivatives
• Rate of Change of Quantities
• Increasing and Decreasing Functions
• Tangents and Normals
• Maxima and Minima

11. Integration

• Integration
• Indefinite Integrals
• Properties of Indefinite Integration
• Some Standard Integrals
• Integration By Substitution
• Integration By Partial Fractions
• Integrals of Special Functions

12. Differential Equations

• Introduction to Differential Equations
• Variable Separable Method
• Homogeneous Differential Equation
• Linear Differential Equations

13. Coordinate Geometry

• Introduction to Coordinate Geometry
• Introduction to Conic Sections
• Parabola
• Tangent and Normal to Parabola
• Ellipse
• Hyperbola
• Distance Formula
• Midpoint Formula
• Slope of Line
• Equation of Line
• Distance from Point to Straight Line
• Angle between two Straight Lines
• Equation of Circle
• General Equation of Circle

14. 3D Geometry

• Introduction to 3D Geometry
• Direction Cosines & Direction Ratios
• Skew Lines

15. Statistics

• Introduction to Statistics
• Range
• Mean Deviation
• Variance and Standard Deviation
• Standard Deviation

16. Probability

• Probability Terms
• Probability
• Conditional Probability

17. Trigonometry

• Angle and Measurement
• Trigonometrical Equations
• sin θ = 0, cos θ = 0, tan θ = 0
• sin θ = sin α, cos θ = cos α, tan θ = tan α
• a cosθ + b sinθ = c
• Inverse Trigonometrical Functions
• Inverse T-Functions Properties
• Quadrants
• Trigonometrical Ratios
• T-Ratios of Related Angles
• Properties of Trigonometric Functions
• Compound Angles: A+B and A−B
• Multiple Angle Identities
• Sum to Product Identities
• Conditional Identities