NCERT Chapter Summary: Working of Institutions

NCERT Chapter Summary: Working of Institutions

President is the head of the state and is the highest formal authority in the country. Prime Minister is the head of the government and actually exercises all governmental powers. He takes most of the decisions in the Cabinet meetings.

Parliament consists of the President and two Houses, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Prime Minister must have the support of a majority of Lok Sabha members.

The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are institutions that take all important policy decisions. The Civil Servants, working together, are responsible for taking steps to implement the ministers’ decisions.

Supreme Court is an institution where disputes between citizens and the government are finally settled. An independent and powerful judiciary is considered essential for democracies.