This chapter introduces various concepts and strategies related to numbers and their properties.
Factors and multiples: Factors are the numbers that divide a given number exactly, while multiples are obtained by multiplying a number by different whole numbers.
Prime numbers are numbers that have exactly two factors (1 and the number itself), while composite numbers have more than two factors.
Divisibility rules determine if a number is divisible by another number without performing actual division.
Prime factorization: Every composite number can be expressed as a product of prime numbers.
Highest common factor (HCF) and least common multiple (LCM): The HCF is the largest number that divides two or more given numbers, while the LCM is the smallest multiple that is divisible by two or more given numbers.