This chapter focuses on the fundamental concepts of motion and the various methods of measuring distances. Motion refers to the change in position of an object with respect to its surroundings.
Different types of motion include rectilinear motion (motion along a straight line), circular motion (motion along a circular path), and periodic motion (repetitive motion).
Concept of reference point or frame of reference is used to describe the position and motion of an object. The choice of reference point affects how we perceive the motion of an object.
Distance refers to the total path covered by an object, while displacement refers to the shortest distance between the initial and final positions of an object.
Distance is a scalar quantity, meaning it only has magnitude, while displacement is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction.
Different units of measurement for distance are kilometer (km), meter (m), centimeter (cm), and millimeter (mm).
Methods of measuring distance include using a meter scale or measuring tape for short distances, and using an odometer or GPS (Global Positioning System) for longer distances.
Speed is the rate at which an object covers a particular distance. Speed is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the time taken.
Unit of measurement for speed is meters per second (m/s). Other commonly used units are kilometers per hour (km/h) and miles per hour (mph).
Average speed is calculated by dividing the total distance traveled by the total time taken.