1. What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods, extraction of minerals and provision of services.
2. Which are the main factors influencing the location of an industry?
The availability of new material, land, water labour, power, capital, transport and market are the main factors which influence the location of an industry.
3. Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?
Iron and steel industry is referred to as the backbone of modern industry, because it provides basis to many other industries.
4. Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?
Cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai because of favourable humid climate, easy availability of raw materials and skilled labour.
5. What is smelting?
Smelting is the process by which metals are extracted from their ores by heating beyond the melting point.
6. What is industry?
Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods provision of services and extraction of minerals, etc. by adding value to inputs.
7. Describe the classification of industries.
The classification of industries is as follows:
- On the basis of raw materials.
- On the basis of size.
- On the basis of ownership.
8. What are raw material industries?
On the basis of raw materials being used, industries may be classified as agro-based, mineral-based, marine-based and forest-based depending on the type of raw material type use.
9. Example agro-based industries?
Agro-based industries use plant and animal based products as their inputs. Food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products and leather industries are example of agro-based industries.
10. What are mineral-based industries?
Mineral-based industries use raw materials like mineral ores. For example, heavy machinery made from iron, building materials and railway coaches are mineral-based industries.
11. Example marine based industries.
Marine-based industries use products from the sea and oceans as raw materials. For example, industries processing sea food or manufacturing fish oil.
12. What do you mean by forest based industries?
Forest based industries use forest produce as raw materials. For example, paper industry, furniture and building.
13. Define industries on the basis of size.
Classification of industries on the basis of size refers to the amount of capital invested, number of people employed and the volume of production.
14. What are small scale industries?
Small scale industries run on small capital and infrastructure and where all the products are manufactured by hand, by the artisans. For example: basket weaving, pottery and other handicrafts.
15. Example large scale industries?
Large scale industries run on higher amount of capital invested and used of superior technology. For example: production of automobiles and heavy machinery.
16. Define industries on the basis of ownership.
On the basis of ownership industries can be classified into private sector, state owned or public sector, joint sector and cooperative sector.
17. What are private sector industries?
Private sector industries are owned and operated by individuals or group of individuals. For example: Reliance Industries.
18. Explain public sector industries.
Public sector industries are owned and operated by the government For example: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and steel Authority of India Limited.