This chapter introduces the basic concepts of electricity, electric circuits, and the working of electrical appliances. Electricity is a form of energy that powers various devices and appliances we use.
Electric circuit is a closed path through which electric current flows. An electric circuit consists of a source of electricity (such as a battery or power supply), conducting wires, and electrical devices or components.
Electric current is the flow of electric charge. Electric current flows from the positive terminal of the battery to the negative terminal.
Conductors are materials that allow electric current to flow easily, while insulators are materials that do not allow electric current to pass through easily.
Switch is a device used to control the flow of electric current in a circuit. When the switch is closed, the circuit is complete and current flows. When the switch is open, the circuit is broken, and current does not flow.
In a series circuit, components are connected in a single path, and the same current flows through each component. In a parallel circuit, components are connected in multiple paths, and the total current is divided among the components.
Voltage or potential difference is the driving force that pushes electric charges through a circuit. Voltage is measured in volts (V).