his chapter focuses on the study of human body movements and the various types of movements performed by different body parts, covering the skeletal system, joints, muscles, and different types of movements.
Body movements help us perform various tasks, such as walking, running, writing, and playing sports.
Skeletal system provides a framework for the body and supports its structure. The skeletal system consists of bones, and it is divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribcage) and the appendicular skeleton (limbs and girdles).
Joints are points where two or more bones meet.
Different types of joints in the body: hinge joints, ball-and-socket joints, pivot joints, and gliding joints.
Muscles work in pairs: while one muscle contracts (shortens), the other muscle relaxes (lengthens). This coordinated effort of muscles allows movement.
Voluntary movements are under our conscious control and are performed by skeletal muscles. Examples include walking, running, jumping, and writing. Involuntary movements, on the other hand, are not under our conscious control and are performed by smooth muscles or cardiac muscles. Examples include the beating of the heart or the process of digestion.
Linear movements involve motion in a straight line, such as moving forward, backward, up, or down. Rotary movements are circular or spinning movements, like rotating the arm or turning the head. Oscillatory movements involve back-and-forth motion, such as swinging a pendulum or nodding the head.
Regular exercise helps keep our muscles strong and flexible, improves blood circulation, and enhances overall physical fitness. Maintaining a proper body posture is crucial for avoiding strain on the muscles and bones, preventing backaches, and promoting overall well-being.